So you want to plant a fruit tree in your yard…
That’s great news! We think every fruit tree planted, whether in an orchard or a backyard, is a gift to your community. To set your tree up for success, let’s make sure your yard meets the proper qualifications.
Does the area where you want to plant your fruit tree have:
Well-Drained Soil
The fruit tree will need to be able to “breathe” through the soil during the active growing season. You do not want your tree’s roots sitting in consistently damp, muddy soil. A percolation test is a good way to test the drainage of your site. Dig a hole 8” wide and 3’ deep. Fill the hole completely with water and let it drain. Then fill the hole with water again. In 48 hours, measure how much water has remained in the hole. If there is no water, the soil has adequate drainage! If there is muddy soil, there are ways to counteract that. We recommend consulting “The Holistic Orchard,” by Michael Phillips.
Good Air Movement
A light breeze can make the world of difference when it comes to fighting pests and diseases. Land that is slightly sloped will typically allow for light wind. Flatter ground is okay as long as there are no hedges or fencing that is blocking a breeze. In highly windy areas, a windbreak might be necessary to protect growing trees. In that case, tart cherry trees can be used as a windbreak. Be careful not to plant in swales or valleys where air and frost can settle.
Direct Sunlight
It should come as no surprise that direct sunlight during the day is necessary to grow fruit. Excessive shade simply will not do. Fruiting trees require a minimum of 6-8 hours of sunlight per day throughout the growing season; some fruiting trees need more. If you find that your location is not reaching the full 6 hours of sunlight, pruning surrounding trees might be helpful. If a structure is blocking the light, a new location may be necessary.
Easy Access to Water
During the first 3-5 years, you likely will need to water your tree regularly. The closer a tree is to a water source the simpler it is to water. A backyard orchard likely will have an accessible water spigot, but if you are planting on a city lot or other piece of land, research water access programs in your city.
Access to Soil Testing
So you have well-drained soil, good air movement, direct sunlight, and access to water? That is a great start to a backyard orchard. But if you want your tree to be set up for success, testing your soil biology prior to planting is key! Most local extension agencies offer soil testing for little to no cost. Once you know your soil biology, you can amend your soil to your tree’s liking.
If you checked all the boxes, then it sounds like you are ready to pick out a tree and get planting!
Here are helpful resources for planning your backyard orchard:
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